Four molecules, carefully described.
For each peptide: origin and structure, what makes it special in research, what the literature says and how robust it is. Plus the analytics of the current batch.
BPC-157
Stable gastric pentadecapeptide
A 15-amino-acid fragment of a gastric juice protein that has been studied unusually broadly in animal models. One of the most discussed research peptides, with an evidence base that is almost entirely preclinical.
GHK-Cu
Copper tripeptide from human plasma
A naturally occurring tripeptide that binds copper(II) and whose plasma concentration declines with age. Studied in cell culture and animal models since the 1970s, particularly well documented in skin research.
MOTS-c
Mitochondrially encoded peptide
A 16 amino acid peptide whose blueprint lies not in the cell nucleus but in the mitochondria's own genome. Since its discovery in 2015, a model for the question of how mitochondria help steer the metabolism of the whole cell.
Epitalon
Tetrapeptide from pineal gland research
Four amino acids, designed after a peptide extract of the pineal gland. Known for findings on telomerase in cell culture and for long-term studies in mice; the literature still comes predominantly from one research group in Saint Petersburg.